Madison County, Montana: USDA programs and conservation funding

567
Farms & Ranches
925K
Acres in Agriculture
1,632
Avg Farm Size (acres)
$56.8M
Cattle Sales
Top commodities: Cattle, Field Crops, Other, Grain, Wheat, Honey
Source: 2022 USDA Census of Agriculture

Madison County, Montana has 567 farms working 925,384 agricultural acres (average 1,632 acres per farm). Cattle sales total $56.8 million annually. Leading commodities by sales: Cattle, Field Crops, Other, Grain. Vegetation typically peaks in Jun, defining the primary growing season.

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Farm Programs & Local Resources

Last Updated: March 2026 | Always verify with your local USDA office. Report an error

About Madison County

Elevation across Madison County averages about 6,953 feet. The county falls within the Central Rocky Mountains (MLRA 43B) land resource region.

The growing season in Madison County spans roughly 184 frost-free days. Rainfall averages 23.0 inches per year. January lows average around 14°F while July highs reach about 77°F.

The 2022 Census of Agriculture counted 567 farms in Madison County, operating across 925,384 acres of farmland. The average farm spans 1,632 acres. Top commodities include cattle, wheat, and honey.


Quick Facts

RegionSouthwest Montana
Top CommoditiesCattle & calves, Vegetables, Wheat, Honey, Horses, Barley

Current Conditions

Drought status: Severe Drought (D2). LFP-eligible for 6+ weeks — check FSA for livestock forage assistance.

Source: U.S. Drought Monitor · Updated 2026-04-14

Your Local USDA Offices

Your nearest USDA Service Center houses both NRCS (conservation programs like EQIP and CSP) and FSA (loans, disaster assistance, farm numbers). Here are the offices serving Madison County.

NRCS Office (EQIP, CSP, conservation)

402 South Main, Sheridan, MT 59749

(406) 842-5741

FSA Office (loans, disaster, farm numbers)

3 Whitetail Rd, Whitehall, MT 59759

(406) 287-3215

Office info is from USDA’s published directory. Call ahead to confirm hours before visiting.

What to do when you call: Ask to schedule a meeting with a conservation planner (for EQIP/CSP) or a loan officer (for FSA programs). Mention the type of operation you run and what improvements you're considering.


Programs for Madison County Operations

Based on Madison County's agricultural profile, these programs are most relevant:

EQIP projects focus on irrigation efficiency improvements and riparian restoration along the Madison River system. Conservation practices emphasize protecting water quality while maintaining productive hay meadows and grazing lands.

Not sure which programs fit? Run our free eligibility screener. Two minutes, personalized action packet.


Local Conservation Priorities

Each county's NRCS Local Working Group sets the conservation practices that score highest for EQIP funding. Knowing your county's priorities before you apply can significantly improve your ranking.

How to find your county's priorities:

  • Call your local NRCS office and ask: "What practices is the Local Working Group prioritizing this year?"
  • Ask which EQIP ranking pool your operation fits (there may be separate pools for livestock, cropland, forestry, etc.)
  • Check your state NRCS website for published ranking criteria

Adjacent Counties

Counties bordering Madison County: Fremont County, Idaho, Beaverhead County, Montana, Gallatin County, Montana, Jefferson County, Montana, and Silver Bow County, Montana. Each runs its own Local Working Group and may prioritize different conservation practices.

Your Next Steps in Madison County

  1. Run the eligibility screener: Free Screener
  2. Find your USDA Service Center: Service Center Locator
  3. Read the Montana guide: Montana Farm Programs Guide

Part of Farmer's Navigator. Built by ranchers. Every guide on this site is free.

Related program guides

EQIP FencingCRPEQIP Prescribed GrazingCSPEQIP Water Development

Vegetation Baseline

0.06
Typical NDVI (Apr)
0.65
Peak season (Jun)
JanJulDec
5-year average NDVI from MODIS MOD13Q1 (2021–2025 avg)

Quick Tools for Madison County

Check drought statusCurrent USDM conditions and historical drought data.PRF rainfall analysis78 years of grid-level rainfall data for hay and grazing insurance.Estimate EQIP costsSee what NRCS may cover and your estimated out-of-pocket share.Disaster triageLost livestock or pasture? Find your disaster programs and deadlines.See all deadlinesEvery USDA program deadline in one place.