Jefferson County, Montana: USDA programs and conservation funding

364
Farms & Ranches
454K
Acres in Agriculture
1,248
Avg Farm Size (acres)
$22.3M
Cattle Sales
Top commodities: Cattle, Field Crops, Other, Sheep, Equine, Equine
Source: 2022 USDA Census of Agriculture

Jefferson County, Montana has 364 farms working 454,324 agricultural acres (average 1,248 acres per farm). Cattle sales total $22.3 million annually. Leading commodities by sales: Cattle, Field Crops, Other, Sheep. Vegetation typically peaks in Jun, defining the primary growing season.

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Farm Programs & Local Resources

Last Updated: March 2026 | Always verify with your local USDA office. Report an error

About Jefferson County

Jefferson County sits within the Central Rocky Mountains (MLRA 43B) region. Elevation averages about 7,167 feet.

Temperatures in Jefferson County range from a January mean low of 15°F to a July mean high near 78°F. Annual precipitation averages 17.8 inches. Expect about 184 frost-free days.

Jefferson County ran 364 farms, 454,324 acres of farmland, and 19,955 head of cattle in the 2022 Census of Agriculture. Top commodities: cattle, sheep, and equine.


Quick Facts

RegionSouthwest Montana
Top CommoditiesCattle & calves, Sheep, Horses, Poultry, Fruit & tree nuts, Honey

Current Conditions

Drought status: Severe Drought (D2).

Source: U.S. Drought Monitor · Updated 2026-04-14

Your Local USDA Offices

Your nearest USDA Service Center houses both NRCS (conservation programs like EQIP and CSP) and FSA (loans, disaster assistance, farm numbers). Here are the offices serving Jefferson County.

USDA Service Center (NRCS + FSA)

3 Whitetail Rd, Whitehall, MT 59759

(406) 287-3215

Office info is from USDA’s published directory. Call ahead to confirm hours before visiting.

What to do when you call: Ask to schedule a meeting with a conservation planner (for EQIP/CSP) or a loan officer (for FSA programs). Mention the type of operation you run and what improvements you're considering.


Programs for Jefferson County Operations

Based on Jefferson County's agricultural profile, these programs are most relevant:

Riparian restoration and water quality protection are priorities due to the county's position in important watershed areas. Programs support traditional ranching operations while helping producers adapt to growing recreational and residential development pressures in the region.

Not sure which programs fit? Run our free eligibility screener. Two minutes, personalized action packet.


Local Conservation Priorities

Each county's NRCS Local Working Group sets the conservation practices that score highest for EQIP funding. Knowing your county's priorities before you apply can significantly improve your ranking.

How to find your county's priorities:

  • Call your local NRCS office and ask: "What practices is the Local Working Group prioritizing this year?"
  • Ask which EQIP ranking pool your operation fits (there may be separate pools for livestock, cropland, forestry, etc.)
  • Check your state NRCS website for published ranking criteria

Bordering Counties

If your operation extends into or you compare conditions against adjacent counties, see Broadwater County, Montana, Deer Lodge County, Montana, Gallatin County, Montana, Lewis and Clark County, Montana, Madison County, Montana, and Powell County, Montana. Ranking criteria and cost-share rates can vary county by county even within the same state.

Your Next Steps in Jefferson County

  1. Run the eligibility screener: Free Screener
  2. Find your USDA Service Center: Service Center Locator
  3. Read the Montana guide: Montana Farm Programs Guide

Part of Farmer's Navigator. Built by ranchers. Every guide on this site is free.

Related program guides

EQIP FencingCRPEQIP Water Development

Vegetation Baseline

0.13
Typical NDVI (Apr)
0.71
Peak season (Jun)
JanJulDec
5-year average NDVI from MODIS MOD13Q1 (2021–2025 avg)

Quick Tools for Jefferson County

Check drought statusCurrent USDM conditions and historical drought data.PRF rainfall analysis78 years of grid-level rainfall data for hay and grazing insurance.Estimate EQIP costsSee what NRCS may cover and your estimated out-of-pocket share.Disaster triageLost livestock or pasture? Find your disaster programs and deadlines.See all deadlinesEvery USDA program deadline in one place.