Carbon County, Montana: USDA programs and conservation funding

681
Farms & Ranches
739K
Acres in Agriculture
1,085
Avg Farm Size (acres)
$43.5M
Cattle Sales
Top commodities: Cattle, Grain, Field Crops, Other, Corn, Barley
Source: 2022 USDA Census of Agriculture

Carbon County, Montana has 681 farms working 738,590 agricultural acres (average 1,085 acres per farm). Cattle sales total $43.5 million annually. Leading commodities by sales: Cattle, Grain, Field Crops, Other. Vegetation typically peaks in May, defining the primary growing season.

← Montana Farm Programs Guide

Farm Programs & Local Resources

Last Updated: March 2026 | Always verify with your local USDA office. Report an error

About Carbon County

Carbon County lies in the Northern and Central Rocky Mountain Foothills (MLRA 46) region. Elevation averages about 3,908 feet.

Carbon County averages 17.6 inches of precipitation annually (1991–2020 NOAA normals). The frost-free growing season runs about 214 days. Annual mean temperature is 43.1°F.

Carbon County's agricultural base centers on cattle, corn, and barley. The 2022 Ag Census recorded 681 farms working 738,590 acres. Cattle inventory stands at 23,560 head.


Quick Facts

RegionSouth-Central Montana
Top CommoditiesCattle & calves, Corn, Barley, Wheat, Horses, Sheep

Current Conditions

Drought status: Severe Drought (D2).

Source: U.S. Drought Monitor · Updated 2026-04-14

Your Local USDA Offices

Your nearest USDA Service Center houses both NRCS (conservation programs like EQIP and CSP) and FSA (loans, disaster assistance, farm numbers). Here are the offices serving Carbon County.

USDA Service Center (NRCS + FSA)

606 W Front Ave, Joliet, MT 59041

(406) 962-3641

Office info is from USDA’s published directory. Call ahead to confirm hours before visiting.

What to do when you call: Ask to schedule a meeting with a conservation planner (for EQIP/CSP) or a loan officer (for FSA programs). Mention the type of operation you run and what improvements you're considering.


Programs for Carbon County Operations

Based on Carbon County's agricultural profile, these programs are most relevant:

High-altitude grazing management and wildlife conflict mitigation are priority conservation areas given proximity to Yellowstone ecosystem. Irrigation modernization projects focus on water efficiency improvements along the productive Yellowstone River corridor.

Not sure which programs fit? Run our free eligibility screener. Two minutes, personalized action packet.


Local Conservation Priorities

Each county's NRCS Local Working Group sets the conservation practices that score highest for EQIP funding. Knowing your county's priorities before you apply can significantly improve your ranking.

How to find your county's priorities:

  • Call your local NRCS office and ask: "What practices is the Local Working Group prioritizing this year?"
  • Ask which EQIP ranking pool your operation fits (there may be separate pools for livestock, cropland, forestry, etc.)
  • Check your state NRCS website for published ranking criteria

Counties Bordering Carbon County

Carbon County shares borders with Big Horn County, Montana, Park County, Montana, Stillwater County, Montana, Yellowstone County, Montana, Big Horn County, Wyoming, and Park County, Wyoming. Conservation priorities, EQIP ranking pools, and drought conditions often overlap across county lines — it's worth checking neighboring county pages if your operation spans multiple jurisdictions.

Your Next Steps in Carbon County

  1. Run the eligibility screener: Free Screener
  2. Find your USDA Service Center: Service Center Locator
  3. Read the Montana guide: Montana Farm Programs Guide

Part of Farmer's Navigator. Built by ranchers. Every guide on this site is free.

Related program guides

EQIP FencingEQIP Prescribed GrazingCSPEQIP Water Development

Vegetation Baseline

0.28
Typical NDVI (Apr)
0.37
Peak season (May)
JanJulDec
5-year average NDVI from MODIS MOD13Q1 (2021–2025 avg)

Quick Tools for Carbon County

Check drought statusCurrent USDM conditions and historical drought data.PRF rainfall analysis78 years of grid-level rainfall data for hay and grazing insurance.Estimate EQIP costsSee what NRCS may cover and your estimated out-of-pocket share.Disaster triageLost livestock or pasture? Find your disaster programs and deadlines.See all deadlinesEvery USDA program deadline in one place.