Clay County, South Dakota: USDA programs and conservation funding

438
Farms & Ranches
191K
Acres in Agriculture
437
Avg Farm Size (acres)
Top commodities: Grain, Corn, Soybeans, Field Crops, Other, Hogs
Source: 2022 USDA Census of Agriculture

Clay County, South Dakota has 438 farms working 191,404 agricultural acres (average 437 acres per farm). Leading commodities by sales: Grain, Corn, Soybeans. Vegetation typically peaks in Jul, defining the primary growing season.

← South Dakota Farm Programs Guide

Farm Programs & Local Resources

Last Updated: March 2026 | Always verify with your local USDA office. Report an error

About Clay County

Elevation across Clay County averages about 1,225 feet. The county falls within the Till Plains (MLRA 102B) land resource region.

The growing season in Clay County spans roughly 214 frost-free days. Rainfall averages 28.0 inches per year. January lows average around 10°F while July highs reach about 85°F.

The 2022 Census of Agriculture counted 438 farms in Clay County, operating across 191,404 acres of farmland. The average farm spans 437 acres. Top commodities include corn, soybeans, and hogs.


Quick Facts

RegionSoutheast
Top CommoditiesCorn, Soybeans, Hogs, Sheep, Horses, Goats

Current Conditions

Drought status: Extreme Drought (D3). LFP-eligible for 7+ weeks — check FSA for livestock forage assistance.

Source: U.S. Drought Monitor · Updated 2026-04-14

Your Local USDA Offices

Your nearest USDA Service Center houses both NRCS (conservation programs like EQIP and CSP) and FSA (loans, disaster assistance, farm numbers). Here are the offices serving Clay County.

USDA Service Center (NRCS + FSA)

121 W Kidder St, Vermillion, SD 57069

(605) 624-7060

Office info is from USDA’s published directory. Call ahead to confirm hours before visiting.

What to do when you call: Ask to schedule a meeting with a conservation planner (for EQIP/CSP) or a loan officer (for FSA programs). Mention the type of operation you run and what improvements you're considering.


Programs for Clay County Operations

Based on Clay County's agricultural profile, these programs are most relevant:

Programs focus on nutrient management and erosion control in the intensive cropping areas near the Missouri River. Strong participation in CSP reflects advanced conservation practices on highly productive farmland.

Not sure which programs fit? Run our free eligibility screener. Two minutes, personalized action packet.


Local Conservation Priorities

Each county's NRCS Local Working Group sets the conservation practices that score highest for EQIP funding. Knowing your county's priorities before you apply can significantly improve your ranking.

How to find your county's priorities:

  • Call your local NRCS office and ask: "What practices is the Local Working Group prioritizing this year?"
  • Ask which EQIP ranking pool your operation fits (there may be separate pools for livestock, cropland, forestry, etc.)
  • Check your state NRCS website for published ranking criteria

Adjacent Counties

Counties bordering Clay County: Cedar County, Nebraska, Dixon County, Nebraska, Lincoln County, South Dakota, Turner County, South Dakota, Union County, South Dakota, and Yankton County, South Dakota. Each runs its own Local Working Group and may prioritize different conservation practices.

Your Next Steps in Clay County

  1. Run the eligibility screener: Free Screener
  2. Find your USDA Service Center: Service Center Locator
  3. Read the South Dakota guide: South Dakota Farm Programs Guide

Part of Farmer's Navigator. Built by ranchers. Every guide on this site is free.

Related program guides

EQIP FencingEQIP Brush ManagementCSPCRP

Vegetation Baseline

0.25
Typical NDVI (Apr)
0.87
Peak season (Jul)
JanJulDec
5-year average NDVI from MODIS MOD13Q1 (2021–2025 avg)

Quick Tools for Clay County

Check drought statusCurrent USDM conditions and historical drought data.PRF rainfall analysis78 years of grid-level rainfall data for hay and grazing insurance.Estimate EQIP costsSee what NRCS may cover and your estimated out-of-pocket share.Disaster triageLost livestock or pasture? Find your disaster programs and deadlines.See all deadlinesEvery USDA program deadline in one place.