Madison County, North Carolina: USDA programs and conservation funding

535
Farms & Ranches
43K
Acres in Agriculture
80
Avg Farm Size (acres)
Top commodities: Field Crops, Other, Sheep, Tomatoes, Goats, Corn
Source: 2022 USDA Census of Agriculture

Madison County, North Carolina has 535 farms working 42,763 agricultural acres (average 80 acres per farm). Leading commodities by sales: Field Crops, Other, Sheep, Tomatoes. Vegetation typically peaks in Jul, defining the primary growing season.

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Farm Programs & Local Resources

Last Updated: March 2026 | Always verify with your local USDA office. Report an error

About Madison County

Madison County is part of the Southern Blue Ridge land resource region (MLRA 130B). The county's mean elevation is about 2,223 feet.

Based on 1991–2020 normals, Madison County sees 48.6 in of rain, a 334-day growing season, a 54.7°F mean annual temperature.

Madison County carries 2,109 head of cattle (2022 Ag Census). Pastureland totals 10,322 acres. 535 farms operate in the county, averaging 80 acres each.


Quick Facts

RegionMountains
Top CommoditiesVegetables, Floriculture, Poultry, Fruit & tree nuts, Sheep, Berries

Current Conditions

Drought status: Extreme Drought (D3). LFP-eligible for 11+ weeks — check FSA for livestock forage assistance.

Source: U.S. Drought Monitor · Updated 2026-04-14

Your Local USDA Offices

Your nearest USDA Service Center houses both NRCS (conservation programs like EQIP and CSP) and FSA (loans, disaster assistance, farm numbers). Here are the offices serving Madison County.

USDA Service Center (NRCS + FSA)

4388 Hwy 25/70, Marshall, NC 28753

(828) 649-2712

Office info is from USDA’s published directory. Call ahead to confirm hours before visiting.

What to do when you call: Ask to schedule a meeting with a conservation planner (for EQIP/CSP) or a loan officer (for FSA programs). Mention the type of operation you run and what improvements you're considering.


Programs for Madison County Operations

Based on Madison County's agricultural profile, these programs are most relevant:

Steep slope stabilization and streambank protection programs address erosion challenges in mountain terrain. Conservation initiatives promote sustainable tobacco production and pasture management on hillside farms.

Not sure which programs fit? Run our free eligibility screener. Two minutes, personalized action packet.


Local Conservation Priorities

Each county's NRCS Local Working Group sets the conservation practices that score highest for EQIP funding. Knowing your county's priorities before you apply can significantly improve your ranking.

How to find your county's priorities:

  • Call your local NRCS office and ask: "What practices is the Local Working Group prioritizing this year?"
  • Ask which EQIP ranking pool your operation fits (there may be separate pools for livestock, cropland, forestry, etc.)
  • Check your state NRCS website for published ranking criteria

Nearby Counties

Operators in Madison County frequently work or lease ground across county lines. Neighboring counties include Buncombe County, North Carolina, Haywood County, North Carolina, Yancey County, North Carolina, Cocke County, Tennessee, Greene County, Tennessee, and Unicoi County, Tennessee. USDA programs and local NRCS priorities may differ from one jurisdiction to the next.

Your Next Steps in Madison County

  1. Run the eligibility screener: Free Screener
  2. Find your USDA Service Center: Service Center Locator
  3. Read the North Carolina guide: North Carolina Farm Programs Guide

Part of Farmer's Navigator. Built by ranchers. Every guide on this site is free.

Related program guides

EQIP FencingCRPEQIP Prescribed GrazingCSP

Vegetation Baseline

0.58
Typical NDVI (Apr)
0.88
Peak season (Jul)
JanJulDec
5-year average NDVI from MODIS MOD13Q1 (2021–2025 avg)

Quick Tools for Madison County

Check drought statusCurrent USDM conditions and historical drought data.PRF rainfall analysis78 years of grid-level rainfall data for hay and grazing insurance.Estimate EQIP costsSee what NRCS may cover and your estimated out-of-pocket share.Disaster triageLost livestock or pasture? Find your disaster programs and deadlines.See all deadlinesEvery USDA program deadline in one place.