Custer County, Montana: USDA programs and conservation funding

379
Farms & Ranches
2.1M
Acres in Agriculture
5,639
Avg Farm Size (acres)
$66.0M
Cattle Sales
Top commodities: Cattle, Grain, Corn, Wheat, Grain
Source: 2022 USDA Census of Agriculture

Custer County, Montana has 379 farms working 2,137,368 agricultural acres (average 5,639 acres per farm). Cattle sales total $66.0 million annually. Leading commodities by sales: Cattle, Grain, Corn. Vegetation typically peaks in Jun, defining the primary growing season.

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Farm Programs & Local Resources

Last Updated: March 2026 | Always verify with your local USDA office. Report an error

About Custer County

Elevation across Custer County averages about 2,898 feet. The county falls within the Northern Rolling High Plains, Northern Part (MLRA 58A) land resource region.

The growing season in Custer County spans roughly 214 frost-free days. Rainfall averages 14.5 inches per year. January lows average around 9°F while July highs reach about 88°F.

The 2022 Census of Agriculture counted 379 farms in Custer County, operating across 2,137,368 acres of farmland. The average farm spans 5,639 acres. Top commodities include cattle, corn, and wheat.


Quick Facts

RegionSoutheast Montana
Top CommoditiesCattle & calves, Corn, Wheat, Sheep, Horses, Poultry

Current Conditions

Drought status: Moderate Drought (D1) — watch for worsening; LFP not currently triggered.

Source: U.S. Drought Monitor · Updated 2026-04-14

Your Local USDA Offices

Your nearest USDA Service Center houses both NRCS (conservation programs like EQIP and CSP) and FSA (loans, disaster assistance, farm numbers). Here are the offices serving Custer County.

USDA Service Center (NRCS + FSA)

3120 Valley Dr E, Miles City, MT 59301

(406) 232-7905

Office info is from USDA’s published directory. Call ahead to confirm hours before visiting.

What to do when you call: Ask to schedule a meeting with a conservation planner (for EQIP/CSP) or a loan officer (for FSA programs). Mention the type of operation you run and what improvements you're considering.


Programs for Custer County Operations

Based on Custer County's agricultural profile, these programs are most relevant:

Irrigation efficiency and soil conservation are prioritized along the productive Yellowstone River valley. Dryland areas receive support for implementing no-till practices and establishing wildlife habitat through grassland restoration programs.

Not sure which programs fit? Run our free eligibility screener. Two minutes, personalized action packet.


Local Conservation Priorities

Each county's NRCS Local Working Group sets the conservation practices that score highest for EQIP funding. Knowing your county's priorities before you apply can significantly improve your ranking.

How to find your county's priorities:

  • Call your local NRCS office and ask: "What practices is the Local Working Group prioritizing this year?"
  • Ask which EQIP ranking pool your operation fits (there may be separate pools for livestock, cropland, forestry, etc.)
  • Check your state NRCS website for published ranking criteria

Adjacent Counties

Counties bordering Custer County: Carter County, Montana, Fallon County, Montana, Garfield County, Montana, Powder River County, Montana, Prairie County, Montana, and Rosebud County, Montana. Each runs its own Local Working Group and may prioritize different conservation practices.

Your Next Steps in Custer County

  1. Run the eligibility screener: Free Screener
  2. Find your USDA Service Center: Service Center Locator
  3. Read the Montana guide: Montana Farm Programs Guide

Part of Farmer's Navigator. Built by ranchers. Every guide on this site is free.

Related program guides

EQIP FencingCSPCRP

Vegetation Baseline

0.31
Typical NDVI (Apr)
0.45
Peak season (Jun)
JanJulDec
5-year average NDVI from MODIS MOD13Q1 (2021–2025 avg)

Quick Tools for Custer County

Check drought statusCurrent USDM conditions and historical drought data.PRF rainfall analysis78 years of grid-level rainfall data for hay and grazing insurance.Estimate EQIP costsSee what NRCS may cover and your estimated out-of-pocket share.Disaster triageLost livestock or pasture? Find your disaster programs and deadlines.See all deadlinesEvery USDA program deadline in one place.