ANNUAL UPDATE

What Changed for 2026

Program updates, OBBBA provisions, and what they mean for your operation. Last updated March 2026.

The big picture: The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was signed July 4, 2025, making the largest changes to crop insurance since 2014. Separately, the 2018 Farm Bill was extended through September 30, 2026 — so conservation programs (EQIP, CSP, CRP) continue under current rules. A new farm bill could pass in 2026, but until it does, existing program structures remain in effect.

Crop Insurance Changes (OBBBA)

These changes apply to all policies with a sales closing date on or after July 1, 2025.

OBBBA CROP INSURANCE

Beginning Farmer Premium Subsidy — Extended to 10 Years

The extra 10% premium discount for beginning farmers and ranchers now lasts for the first 10 years of operation, up from 5 years previously. Additional graduated subsidy in years 1–3.

Before
Extra 10% subsidy for first 5 years
After (OBBBA)
Extra 10% subsidy for first 10 years, plus 5% additional in years 1–2, 3% in year 3, 1% in year 4
OBBBA CROP INSURANCE

Premium Subsidy Increases — All Producers

Federal premium subsidies for individual crop insurance policies increased by 3–5 percentage points across all coverage levels. This means every farmer pays less for the same coverage.

Before
Basic unit at 75% coverage: 55% subsidy
After (OBBBA)
Basic unit at 75% coverage: ~58–60% subsidy (varies by unit type)
OBBBA CROP INSURANCE

SCO Subsidy Increase — 65% to 80%

The Supplemental Coverage Option (county-level top-up coverage) premium subsidy jumped from 65% to 80%. Same increase applies to ECO, MCO, and similar products. This makes supplemental coverage dramatically cheaper.

Before
SCO premium subsidy: 65%
After (OBBBA)
SCO premium subsidy: 80%
OBBBA CROP INSURANCE

Whole-Farm Revenue Protection — 90% Coverage

WFRP maximum coverage level increased from 85% to 90%, with the same subsidy rate as the old 85% level. Particularly valuable for diversified and specialty crop operations.

Before
WFRP max coverage: 85%
After (OBBBA)
WFRP max coverage: 90% (same subsidy as old 85%)

Disaster Program Changes (OBBBA)

OBBBA DISASTER

LFP Drought Trigger — D2 Now 4 Weeks Instead of 8

Ranchers now qualify for LFP payments after just 4 consecutive weeks of D2 (Severe Drought), down from 8. This means faster access to payments when drought hits.

Before
D2 trigger: 8 consecutive weeks
After (OBBBA)
D2 trigger: 4 consecutive weeks
OBBBA DISASTER

LIP Predation Payments — Increased to 100%

Livestock killed by federally protected predators (wolves, grizzly bears, eagles) are now compensated at 100% of market value, up from 75%. Weather-related deaths remain at 75%.

Before
Predator kills: 75% of market value
After (OBBBA)
Predator kills: 100% of market value

Commodity Program Changes (OBBBA)

OBBBA

ARC/PLC Reference Prices — Increased

Reference prices for covered commodities (corn, soybeans, wheat, etc.) were raised, increasing the likelihood and size of PLC and ARC payments. The payment limit was raised to $155,000 per person for commodity programs.

OBBBA

ARC/PLC Election — Now Mandatory Annual

Producers must make an active ARC or PLC election each year. No more defaulting to the previous year’s choice. SCO is now decoupled from PLC — you can elect PLC and still use SCO.

OBBBA

Base Acre Allocation — Up to 30 Million New Acres

Farms with recent planting history exceeding their current base acres may receive additional base acre allocations, expanding eligibility for ARC/PLC payments.

Farm Bill Status

FARM BILL

2018 Farm Bill Extended Through September 30, 2026

Conservation programs (EQIP, CSP, CRP), FSA loan programs, and disaster assistance continue under existing rules. A new farm bill is being discussed but has not passed. All current program structures remain in effect at least through the end of FY2026.

What this means for you: Apply for EQIP, CSP, and FSA loans now under current rules. Don’t wait for a new farm bill — the programs are open and funded.

Bridge Payments (New in 2025–2026)

NEW PROGRAM

Farmer Bridge Assistance (FBA)

A one-time payment for producers of covered commodities (corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, rice, sorghum, and others) based on 2025 planted acres. Enrollment deadline: April 17, 2026. Payments are already being issued.

Action required: Ensure your 2025 acreage reports are accurate at your FSA office. Apply online or through your local FSA office.

NEW PROGRAM

Assistance for Specialty Crop Farmers (ASCF)

$1 billion in bridge payments for specialty crops, sugar, and commodities not covered by FBA. Based on 2025 planted acres. Deadline to verify acreage: March 13, 2026. Payment rates coming end of March 2026.

What to Do Now

  1. Review your crop insurance coverage with your agent — the premium subsidy changes may make higher coverage levels affordable. ARC vs PLC Calculator
  2. Check FBA/ASCF eligibility at your FSA office if you grow covered commodities — deadline is April 17, 2026
  3. Apply for EQIP and CSP under current farm bill rules — don’t wait for new legislation. EQIP Guide · CSP Guide
  4. If you’re a beginning farmer, claim the extended 10-year premium subsidy on your next crop insurance renewal. Beginning Farmer Guide
  5. Know the disaster deadlines — the 30-day clock doesn’t wait. Disaster Guide
  6. Run the screener to see all programs you qualify for: Free Eligibility Screener

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Screener
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